Clean the pogo pins on both the pen and the dock's pen bay
Disconnect and reconnect the keyboard from the Surface Connect port
Check the Surface app for a firmware update — known pen-charging regressions do happen after updates
Full cold boot (shutdown, wait 20-30 sec, power on) to reset the embedded controller
If the pen has a USB-C port, try charging it directly to isolate pen vs. dock
Check Device Manager for a "Pen" or "HID-compliant pen" entry to see if Windows detects the dock's pen hardware at all
If possible test with another Slim Pen 2 , for a clean cross-test.
Two separate possible causes — a firmware regression on the new SP11, or the old pen's battery/circuit finally failing — not necessarily linked to the earlier SP9 boot loop.