Använd SQLColumns-funktionen på en tabell med glesa kolumner

gäller för:SQL ServerAzure SQL DatabaseAzure SQL Managed InstanceAzure Synapse Analytics

Detta exempel visar hur man anropar SQLColumns i en tabell med glesa kolumner som definierades genom att använda ODBC i SQL Server Native Client.

Detta exempel fungerar inte med någon version av SQL Server tidigare än SQL Server 2008 (10.0.x).

För mer information om funktionen sparsamma kolumner, se Sparse Columns Support in SQL Server Native Client.

Example

Den första listningen är C++-källkoden. Byt "MyServer" till ett giltigt servernamn. Se till att din INCLUDE-miljövariabel inkluderar katalogen som innehåller sqlncli.h. Om du ska bygga och köra detta exempel som en 32-bitars applikation på ett 64-bitars operativsystem, måste du skapa ODBC-datakällan med ODBC-administratören i %windir%\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe.

Detta exempel kopplas till din dators standardinstans för SQL Server. För att ansluta till en namngiven instans, ändra definitionen av ODBC-datakällan för att specificera instansen med följande format: server\namedinstance. Som standard installeras SQL Server Express i en namngiven instans.

Kompiliera med /EHsc /D, "UNICODE" och odbc32.lib.

Den andra (Transact-SQL) kodlistan tar bort tabellen som skapats av detta exempel.

// compile with: /EHsc /D "UNICODE" odbc32.lib  
#include <windows.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <sqlext.h>  
  
#include <sqlncli.h>  
  
#define SUCCESS(x) (!((x) & 0xFFFE))  
  
#define CHKRC(stmt) rc = (stmt); \  
   if (!SUCCESS(rc)) \  
   throw (RETCODE) rc;  
  
void PrintError(SQLSMALLINT HandleType, SQLHANDLE Handle) {  
   RETCODE rc = SQL_SUCCESS;  
   SQLTCHAR szSqlState[6], szMessage[1024];  
   SQLSMALLINT i = 1, msgLen = 0;  
   SQLINTEGER NativeError;  
  
   do {  
      i = 1;  
      while (SQL_NO_DATA != (rc = SQLGetDiagRec(HandleType, Handle, i, szSqlState, &NativeError,   
         szMessage, sizeof(szMessage)/sizeof(SQLTCHAR), &msgLen)) && SUCCESS(rc)) {  
            wprintf(L"SQLState=%s, NativeError=%ld, Message=%s\r\n", szSqlState, NativeError, szMessage);  
            i++;  
      }  
   }   
   while (SQL_NO_DATA != (rc = SQLMoreResults(Handle)) && SUCCESS(rc));  
}  
  
#define STR_LEN 128 + 1  
#define REM_LEN 254 + 1  
  
void ProcessSQLColumnsResult(SQLHSTMT hstmt) {  
   SQLCHAR szSchema[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szCatalog[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szColumnName[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szTableName[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szTypeName[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szRemarks[REM_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szColumnDefault[STR_LEN];  
   SQLCHAR szIsNullable[STR_LEN];  
  
   SQLINTEGER ColumnSize;  
   SQLINTEGER BufferLength;  
   SQLINTEGER CharOctetLength;  
   SQLINTEGER OrdinalPosition;  
  
   SQLSMALLINT DataType;  
   SQLSMALLINT DecimalDigits;  
   SQLSMALLINT NumPrecRadix;  
   SQLSMALLINT Nullable;  
   SQLSMALLINT SQLDataType;  
   SQLSMALLINT DatetimeSubtypeCode;  
   SQLLEN cbCatalog;  
   SQLLEN cbSchema;  
   SQLLEN cbTableName;  
   SQLLEN cbColumnName;  
   SQLLEN cbDataType;  
   SQLLEN cbTypeName;  
   SQLLEN cbColumnSize;  
   SQLLEN cbBufferLength;  
   SQLLEN cbDecimalDigits;  
   SQLLEN cbNumPrecRadix;  
   SQLLEN cbNullable;  
   SQLLEN cbRemarks;  
   SQLLEN cbColumnDefault;  
   SQLLEN cbSQLDataType;  
   SQLLEN cbDatetimeSubtypeCode;  
   SQLLEN cbCharOctetLength;  
   SQLLEN cbOrdinalPosition;  
   SQLLEN cbIsNullable;  
  
   SQLRETURN rc = SQL_SUCCESS;  
  
   CHKRC(SQLColumns(hstmt, L"tempdb", SQL_NTS, L"dbo", SQL_NTS, L"tbl_sparse_test", SQL_NTS, NULL, 0 ));  
  
   // Bind columns in result set to buffers  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 1,  SQL_C_CHAR,   szCatalog,              STR_LEN,    &cbCatalog);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 2,  SQL_C_CHAR,   szSchema,               STR_LEN,    &cbSchema);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 3,  SQL_C_CHAR,   szTableName,            STR_LEN,    &cbTableName);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 4,  SQL_C_CHAR,   szColumnName,           STR_LEN,    &cbColumnName);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 5,  SQL_C_SSHORT, &DataType,              0,          &cbDataType);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 6,  SQL_C_CHAR,   szTypeName,             STR_LEN,    &cbTypeName);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 7,  SQL_C_SLONG,  &ColumnSize,            0,          &cbColumnSize);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 8,  SQL_C_SLONG,  &BufferLength,          0,          &cbBufferLength);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 9,  SQL_C_SSHORT, &DecimalDigits,         0,          &cbDecimalDigits);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 10, SQL_C_SSHORT, &NumPrecRadix,          0,          &cbNumPrecRadix);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 11, SQL_C_SSHORT, &Nullable,              0,          &cbNullable);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 12, SQL_C_CHAR,   szRemarks,              REM_LEN,    &cbRemarks);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 13, SQL_C_CHAR,   szColumnDefault,        STR_LEN,    &cbColumnDefault);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 14, SQL_C_SSHORT, &SQLDataType,           0,          &cbSQLDataType);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 15, SQL_C_SSHORT, &DatetimeSubtypeCode,   0,          &cbDatetimeSubtypeCode);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 16, SQL_C_SLONG,  &CharOctetLength,       0,          &cbCharOctetLength);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 17, SQL_C_SLONG,  &OrdinalPosition,       0,          &cbOrdinalPosition);  
   SQLBindCol(hstmt, 18, SQL_C_CHAR,   szIsNullable,           STR_LEN,    &cbIsNullable);  
  
   try {  
      while (SQL_SUCCESS == rc) {  
         CHKRC(SQLFetch(hstmt));  
         wprintf(L"Column name: %hs\tIsNullable: %hs\tType: %hs\n", szColumnName, szIsNullable, szTypeName);  
      }  
   }  
   catch (RETCODE retcode) {  
      if (SQL_NO_DATA != retcode)  
         throw retcode;  
   }  
   SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);  
}  
  
int main() {  
   RETCODE rc = SQL_SUCCESS;  
   HENV henv = SQL_NULL_HENV;  
   HDBC hdbc = SQL_NULL_HDBC;  
   SQLHSTMT hstmt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;  
   SQLTCHAR * pszConnection = L"DRIVER={SQL Server Native Client 10.0}; Server=MyServer; Trusted_Connection=Yes;";  
  
   try {  
      CHKRC(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HENV, &henv));  
      CHKRC(SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0));  
      CHKRC(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc));  
      CHKRC(SQLDriverConnect( hdbc, NULL, pszConnection, SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT));  
      CHKRC(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt));  
      CHKRC(SQLExecDirect(hstmt,  
         L"if object_id('tempdb.dbo.tbl_sparse_test','U') is not null drop table tempdb.dbo.tbl_sparse_test",  
         SQL_NTS));  
  
      // Create a new table  
      CHKRC(SQLExecDirect(hstmt,  
         L"create table tempdb.dbo.tbl_sparse_test (col1 int SPARSE, col2 int, col3 XML column_set for all_sparse_columns)",  
         SQL_NTS));  
  
      // Insert a row into the table  
      CHKRC(SQLExecDirect(hstmt,  
         L"insert tempdb.dbo.tbl_sparse_test (col1, col2) values (1,2)",  
         SQL_NTS));  
  
      wprintf(L"Checking default SQLColumns behavior.\nYou should not see the first sparse column.\n");  
  
      ProcessSQLColumnsResult(hstmt);  
  
      wprintf(L"\nChecking SQLColumns with the statement attribute SQL_SS_NAME_SCOPE_EXTENDED.\nYou should see all the columns\n");  
      CHKRC(SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmt, SQL_SOPT_SS_NAME_SCOPE, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_SS_NAME_SCOPE_EXTENDED, SQL_IS_SMALLINT));  
  
      ProcessSQLColumnsResult(hstmt);  
  
      wprintf(L"\nChecking SQLColumns with the statement attribute SQL_SS_NAME_SCOPE_SPARSE_COLUMN_SET.\nYou should see only the sparse columns\n");  
      CHKRC(SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmt, SQL_SOPT_SS_NAME_SCOPE, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_SS_NAME_SCOPE_SPARSE_COLUMN_SET, SQL_IS_SMALLINT));  
  
      ProcessSQLColumnsResult(hstmt);  
  
   }  
   catch (RETCODE retcode) {  
      rc = retcode;  
   }  
  
   if (!SUCCESS(rc)) {  
      if (hstmt)  
         PrintError(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);  
      else if (hdbc)  
         PrintError(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);  
      else if(henv)  
         PrintError(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);  
   }  
  
   if (hstmt)  
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);  
   if (hdbc) {  
      SQLDisconnect(hdbc);  
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);  
   }  
   if (henv)  
      SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);  
}  

use tempdb  
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'tbl_sparse_test')  
     DROP TABLE tbl_sparse_test  
GO