如何使用 System.Text.Json 將 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體具現化

此文章說明如何在使用 JsonSerializerOptions 時避免效能問題。其中也會示範如何使用可用的參數化建構函式。

重複使用 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體

如果您搭配相同選項重複使用 JsonSerializerOptions，請勿在每次使用它時建立新的 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體。針對每個呼叫重複使用相同的執行個體。此指引適用於您為自訂轉換器撰寫的程式碼，以及您呼叫 JsonSerializer.Serialize 或 JsonSerializer.Deserialize 的時機。跨多個執行緒使用相同的執行個體很安全。選項執行個體上的中繼資料快取為安全執行緒，且執行個體在第一次序列化或還原序列化之後為不可變。

`JsonSerializerOptions.Default` 屬性

若您需要使用的 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體是預設執行個體 (具備所有預設設定與預設轉換器)，請使用 JsonSerializerOptions.Default 屬性，而不是建立選項執行個體。如需詳細資訊，請參閱使用預設系統轉換器。

複製 JsonSerializerOptions

有一個 JsonSerializerOptions 建構函式可讓您使用與現有執行個體相同的選項來建立新執行個體，如下列範例所示：

using System.Text.Json;

namespace CopyOptions
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; init; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                TemperatureC = 40,
                Summary = "Hot"
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                WriteIndented = true
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions optionsCopy = new(options);
            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, optionsCopy);

            Console.WriteLine($"Output JSON:\n{forecastJson}");
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//Output JSON:
//{
//  "Date": "2020-10-21T15:40:06.8998502-07:00",
//  "TemperatureC": 40,
//  "Summary": "Hot"
//}

Imports System.Text.Json
Imports System.Text.Json.Serialization

Namespace CopyOptions

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With {
                .[Date] = Date.Now,
                .Summary = Nothing,
                .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
            }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions() With {
                .DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            }

            Dim optionsCopy As New JsonSerializerOptions
            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, optionsCopy)

            Console.WriteLine($"Output JSON:{forecastJson}")
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'Output JSON:
'{
'  "Date": "2020-10-21T15:40:06.8998502-07:00",
'  "TemperatureC": 40,
'  "Summary": "Hot"
'}

現有 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體的中繼資料快取不會複製到新執行個體。因此，使用此建構函式與重複使用現有的 JsonSerializerOptions 執行個體不同。

JsonSerializerOptions 的 Web 預設值

下列選項針對 Web 應用程式有不同的預設值：

在 .NET 9 和更新版本中，您可以使用 JsonSerializerOptions.Web 單一資料庫來序列化搭配 ASP.NET Core 用於 Web 應用程式的預設選項。在舊版中，呼叫 JsonSerializerOptions 建構函式來建立具有 Web 預設值的新執行個體，如下列範例所示：

using System.Text.Json;

namespace OptionsDefaults
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime? Date { get; init; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                TemperatureC = 40,
                Summary = "Hot"
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web)
            {
                WriteIndented = true
            };

            Console.WriteLine(
                $"PropertyNameCaseInsensitive: {options.PropertyNameCaseInsensitive}");
            Console.WriteLine(
                $"JsonNamingPolicy: {options.PropertyNamingPolicy}");
            Console.WriteLine(
                $"NumberHandling: {options.NumberHandling}");

            string forecastJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, options);
            Console.WriteLine($"Output JSON:\n{forecastJson}");

            Forecast? forecastDeserialized =
                JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Forecast>(forecastJson, options);

            Console.WriteLine($"Date: {forecastDeserialized?.Date}");
            Console.WriteLine($"TemperatureC: {forecastDeserialized?.TemperatureC}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Summary: {forecastDeserialized?.Summary}");
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//PropertyNameCaseInsensitive: True
//JsonNamingPolicy: System.Text.Json.JsonCamelCaseNamingPolicy
//NumberHandling: AllowReadingFromString
//Output JSON:
//{
//  "date": "2020-10-21T15:40:06.9040831-07:00",
//  "temperatureC": 40,
//  "summary": "Hot"
//}
//Date: 10 / 21 / 2020 3:40:06 PM
//TemperatureC: 40
//Summary: Hot

Imports System.Text.Json

Namespace OptionsDefaults

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With {
                .[Date] = Date.Now,
                .TemperatureC = 40,
                .Summary = "Hot"
                }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web) With {
                .WriteIndented = True
                }

            Console.WriteLine(
                $"PropertyNameCaseInsensitive: {options.PropertyNameCaseInsensitive}")
            Console.WriteLine(
                $"JsonNamingPolicy: {options.PropertyNamingPolicy}")
            Console.WriteLine(
                $"NumberHandling: {options.NumberHandling}")

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)
            Console.WriteLine($"Output JSON:{forecastJson}")

            Dim forecastDeserialized As Forecast = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(Of Forecast)(forecastJson, options)

            Console.WriteLine($"Date: {forecastDeserialized.[Date]}")
            Console.WriteLine($"TemperatureC: {forecastDeserialized.TemperatureC}")
            Console.WriteLine($"Summary: {forecastDeserialized.Summary}")
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'PropertyNameCaseInsensitive: True
'JsonNamingPolicy: System.Text.Json.JsonCamelCaseNamingPolicy
'NumberHandling: AllowReadingFromString
'Output JSON:
'{
'  "date": "2020-10-21T15:40:06.9040831-07:00",
'  "temperatureC": 40,
'  "summary": "Hot"
'}
'Date: 10 / 21 / 2020 3:40:06 PM
'TemperatureC: 40
'Summary: Hot

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上次更新時間： 2024-11-12