Dictionary<TKey,TValue>.IDictionary.Add(Object, Object) Metoda

 virtual void System.Collections.IDictionary.Add(System::Object ^ key, System::Object ^ value) = System::Collections::IDictionary::Add;

void IDictionary.Add(object key, object value);

abstract member System.Collections.IDictionary.Add : obj * obj -> unit
override this.System.Collections.IDictionary.Add : obj * obj -> unit

Sub Add (key As Object, value As Object) Implements IDictionary.Add

Parametry

Implementuje

Wyjątki

Przykłady

Poniższy przykład kodu pokazuje, jak uzyskać dostęp do Dictionary<TKey,TValue> klasy za pośrednictwem interfejsu System.Collections.IDictionary . Przykładowy kod tworzy puste Dictionary<TKey,TValue> ciągi z kluczami ciągów i używa metody w celu dodania IDictionary.Add niektórych elementów. W przykładzie pokazano, że IDictionary.Add metoda zgłasza błąd ArgumentException podczas próby dodania zduplikowanego klucza lub gdy podano klucz lub wartość nieprawidłowego typu danych.

W przykładzie kodu pokazano użycie kilku innych elementów członkowskich interfejsu System.Collections.IDictionary .

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create a new dictionary of strings, with string keys,
        // and access it using the IDictionary interface.
        //
        IDictionary openWith = new Dictionary<string, string>();

        // Add some elements to the dictionary. There are no
        // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        // IDictionary.Add throws an exception if incorrect types
        // are supplied for key or value.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
        try
        {
            openWith.Add(42, new Example());
        }
        catch (ArgumentException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An exception was caught for " +
                "IDictionary.Add. Exception message:\n\t{0}\n",
                ex.Message);
        }

        // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is
        // already in the dictionary.
        try
        {
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
        }

        // The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you
        // can omit its name when accessing elements.
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // The indexer can be used to change the value associated
        // with a key.
        openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
        // adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";

        // The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong data
        // type.
        Console.WriteLine("The indexer returns null"
            + " if the key is of the wrong type:");
        Console.WriteLine("For key = 2, value = {0}.",
            openWith[2]);

        // The indexer throws an exception when setting a value
        // if the key is of the wrong data type.
        try
        {
            openWith[2] = "This does not get added.";
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("A key of the wrong type was specified"
                + " when assigning to the indexer.");
        }

        // Unlike the default Item property on the Dictionary class
        // itself, IDictionary.Item does not throw an exception
        // if the requested key is not in the dictionary.
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.",
            openWith["tif"]);

        // Contains can be used to test keys before inserting
        // them.
        if (!openWith.Contains("ht"))
        {
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}",
                openWith["ht"]);
        }

        // IDictionary.Contains returns false if the wrong data
        // type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("openWith.Contains(29.7) returns {0}",
            openWith.Contains(29.7));

        // When you use foreach to enumerate dictionary elements
        // with the IDictionary interface, the elements are retrieved
        // as DictionaryEntry objects instead of KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( DictionaryEntry de in openWith )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",
                de.Key, de.Value);
        }

        // To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        ICollection icoll = openWith.Values;

        // The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for dictionary values,
        // even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        // typed.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in icoll )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
        }

        // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        icoll = openWith.Keys;

        // The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for dictionary keys,
        // even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        // typed.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in icoll )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
        }

        // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. No
        // exception is thrown if the wrong data type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"dib\")");
        openWith.Remove("dib");

        if (!openWith.Contains("dib"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key \"dib\" is not found.");
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:
        The value "42" is not of type "System.String" and cannot be used in this generic collection.
Parameter name: key

An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong type:
For key = 2, value = .
A key of the wrong type was specified when assigning to the indexer.
For key = "tif", value = .
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
openWith.Contains(29.7) returns False

Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe

Value = notepad.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe

Key = txt
Key = bmp
Key = dib
Key = rtf
Key = doc
Key = ht

Remove("dib")
Key "dib" is not found.
 */

open System
open System.Collections
open System.Collections.Generic

// Create a new dictionary of strings, with string keys,
// and access it using the IDictionary interface.
let openWith: IDictionary = Dictionary<string, string>()

// Add some elements to the dictionary. There are no
// duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
// IDictionary.Add throws an exception if incorrect types
// are supplied for key or value.
openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe")
openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe")
openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe")
openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe")
type Example() = class end

try
    openWith.Add(42, Example())
with :? ArgumentException as ex ->
    printfn $"An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:\n\t{ex.Message}\n"

// The Add method throws an exception if the new key is
// already in the dictionary.
try
    openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe")
with :? ArgumentException ->
    printfn "An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists."

// The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you
// can omit its name when accessing elements.
printfn $"""For key = "rtf", value = {openWith.["rtf"]}."""

// The indexer can be used to change the value associated
// with a key.
openWith["rtf"] <- "winword.exe"
printfn $"""For key = "rtf", value = {openWith.["rtf"]}."""

// If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
// adds a new key/value pair.
openWith["doc"] <- "winword.exe"

// The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong data
// type.
printfn "The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong type:"
printfn $"""For key = 2, value = {openWith.[2]}."""

// The indexer throws an exception when setting a value
// if the key is of the wrong data type.
try
    openWith[2] <- "This does not get added."
with :? ArgumentException ->
    printfn "A key of the wrong type was specified when assigning to the indexer."

// Unlike the default Item property on the Dictionary class
// itself, IDictionary.Item does not throw an exception
// if the requested key is not in the dictionary.
printfn $"""For key = "tif", value = {openWith.["tif"]}."""

// Contains can be used to test keys before inserting
// them.
if openWith.Contains "ht" |> not then
    openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe")
    printfn $"""Value added for key = "ht": {openWith["ht"]}"""

// IDictionary.Contains returns false if the wrong data
// type is supplied.
printfn $"openWith.Contains(29.7) returns {openWith.Contains 29.7}"

// When you use foreach to enumerate dictionary elements
// with the IDictionary interface, the elements are retrieved
// as DictionaryEntry objects instead of KeyValuePair objects.
printfn ""

for de in openWith do
    let de = de :?> DictionaryEntry
    printfn $"For key = {de.Key}, value = {de.Value}"

// To get the values alone, use the Values property.
let icoll: ICollection = openWith.Values

// The elements of the collection are strongly typed
// with the type that was specified for dictionary values,
// even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
// typed.
printfn ""

for s in icoll do
    printfn $"Value = {s}"

// To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
let icoll2: ICollection = openWith.Keys

// The elements of the collection are strongly typed
// with the type that was specified for dictionary keys,
// even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
// typed.
printfn ""

for s in icoll2 do
    printfn $"Key = {s}"

// Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. No
// exception is thrown if the wrong data type is supplied.
printfn "\nRemove(\"dib\")"
openWith.Remove "dib"

if openWith.Contains "dib" |> not then
    printfn "Key \"dib\" is not found."

// This code example produces the following output:
//     An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:
//         The value "42" is not of type "System.String" and cannot be used in this generic collection.
//     Parameter name: key
//
//     An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
//     For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
//     For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
//     The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong type:
//     For key = 2, value = .
//     A key of the wrong type was specified when assigning to the indexer.
//     For key = "tif", value = .
//     Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
//     openWith.Contains(29.7) returns False
//
//     Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
//     Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
//     Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
//     Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
//     Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
//     Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
//
//     Value = notepad.exe
//     Value = paint.exe
//     Value = paint.exe
//     Value = winword.exe
//     Value = winword.exe
//     Value = hypertrm.exe
//
//     Key = txt
//     Key = bmp
//     Key = dib
//     Key = rtf
//     Key = doc
//     Key = ht
//
//     Remove("dib")
//     Key "dib" is not found.

Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class Example
    
    Public Shared Sub Main() 

        ' Create a new dictionary of strings, with string keys,
        ' and access it using the IDictionary interface.
        '
        Dim openWith As IDictionary = _
            New Dictionary(Of String, String)
        
        ' Add some elements to the dictionary. There are no 
        ' duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        ' IDictionary.Add throws an exception if incorrect types
        ' are supplied for key or value.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe")
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe")
        Try
            openWith.Add(42, New Example())
        Catch ex As ArgumentException
            Console.WriteLine("An exception was caught for " & _
                "IDictionary.Add. Exception message:" & vbLf _
                & vbTab & ex.Message & vbLf)
        End Try
        
        ' The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        ' already in the dictionary.
        Try
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe")
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = ""txt"" already exists.")
        End Try

        ' The Item property is the default property, so you 
        ' can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"", value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' The default Item property can be used to change the value
        ' associated with a key.
        openWith("rtf") = "winword.exe"
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"", value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' If a key does not exist, setting the default Item property
        ' for that key adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith("doc") = "winword.exe"

        ' The default Item property returns Nothing if the key
        ' is of the wrong data type.
        Console.WriteLine("The default Item property returns Nothing" _
            & " if the key is of the wrong type:")
        Console.WriteLine("For key = 2, value = {0}.", _
            openWith(2))

        ' The default Item property throws an exception when setting
        ' a value if the key is of the wrong data type.
        Try
            openWith(2) = "This does not get added."
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("A key of the wrong type was specified" _
                & " when setting the default Item property.")
        End Try

        ' Unlike the default Item property on the Dictionary class
        ' itself, IDictionary.Item does not throw an exception
        ' if the requested key is not in the dictionary.
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""tif"", value = {0}.", _
            openWith("tif"))

        ' Contains can be used to test keys before inserting 
        ' them.
        If Not openWith.Contains("ht") Then
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe")
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = ""ht"": {0}", _
                openWith("ht"))
        End If

        ' IDictionary.Contains returns False if the wrong data 
        ' type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("openWith.Contains(29.7) returns {0}", _
            openWith.Contains(29.7))

        ' When you use foreach to enumerate dictionary elements
        ' with the IDictionary interface, the elements are retrieved
        ' as DictionaryEntry objects instead of KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each de As DictionaryEntry In openWith
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", _
                de.Key, de.Value)
        Next 

        ' To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        Dim icoll As ICollection = openWith.Values
        
        ' The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        ' with the type that was specified for dictionary values,
        ' even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        ' typed.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String In  icoll
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        icoll = openWith.Keys
        
        ' The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        ' with the type that was specified for dictionary keys,
        ' even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        ' typed.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String In  icoll
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. No
        ' exception is thrown if the wrong data type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine(vbLf + "Remove(""dib"")")
        openWith.Remove("dib")
        
        If Not openWith.Contains("dib") Then
            Console.WriteLine("Key ""dib"" is not found.")
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:
'        The value "42" is not of type "System.String" and cannot be used in this generic collection.
'Parameter name: key
'
'An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
'For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
'For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
'The default Item property returns Nothing if the key is of the wrong type:
'For key = 2, value = .
'A key of the wrong type was specified when setting the default Item property.
'For key = "tif", value = .
'Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
'openWith.Contains(29.7) returns False
'
'Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
'Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
'Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
'Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
'Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
'Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
'
'Value = notepad.exe
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = hypertrm.exe
'
'Key = txt
'Key = bmp
'Key = dib
'Key = rtf
'Key = doc
'Key = ht
'
'Remove("dib")
'Key "dib" is not found.
'

Uwagi

Możesz również użyć Item[] właściwości , aby dodać nowe elementy, ustawiając wartość klucza, który nie istnieje w słowniku, na przykład myCollection["myNonexistentKey"] = myValue. Jeśli jednak określony klucz już istnieje w słowniku, ustawienie Item[] właściwości zastępuje starą wartość. Z kolei metoda zgłasza wyjątek, Add jeśli określony klucz już istnieje.

Jeśli Count pojemność jest mniejsza niż pojemność, ta metoda zbliża się do operacji O(1). Jeśli pojemność musi zostać zwiększona, aby pomieścić nowy element, ta metoda stanie się operacją O(n), gdzie n to Count.

Zobacz też

• Item[Object]